Vitamin C (as Ascorbic Acid & Acerola Cherry Extract), Vitamin D3 (as Cholecalciferol), Calcium (as Citrate), Magnesium (as Oxide & Bisglycinate Chelate), Zinc (as Citrate), Copper (as Gluconate), Manganese (as Gluconate), Cissus quadrangularis Powder (Stem), Horsetail Extract (Std. to 7% Silica), Bamboo Extract (Std. to 70% Silica), L-Lysine HCl, Japanese Knotweed Root Extract (Std. to 50% Trans-Resveratrol), Hesperidin, BioPerine® (Piper nigrum; Black Pepper Extract; Fruit), Boron (as Citrate), Vitamin K2 (as Menaquinone-7). Other Ingredients: Methylcellulose Capsule, Codeage Helix Liposomal Delivery (providing phospholipids from non-GMO sunflower lecithin, including phosphatidylcholine).

Adults take 3 capsules daily, or as recommended by your healthcare practitioner, with 8 ounces of water or your favorite beverage.

CAUTION: Do not exceed recommended dose. Pregnant, nursing mothers, children under 18 and individuals with a known medical condition should consult a physician before using this or any dietary supplement. Please use caution if you have allergies or sensitivities to any of the listed ingredients. Keep out of reach of children and pets. Do not use if safety seal is damaged or missing. Store in a cool dry place. Use this product as a food supplement only. Do not use for weight reduction. Discontinue use two weeks prior to surgery.

Vitamin A

Fragoso YD, Campos NS, Tenrreiro BF, Guillen FJ. Systematic review of the literature on vitamin A and memory. Dement Neuropsychol. 2012;6(4):219-222. doi: 10.1590/S1980-57642012DN06040005

Gilbert C. What is vitamin A and why do we need it?. Community Eye Health. 2013;26(84):65. PMID: 24782580

Institute of Medicine (US) Panel on Micronutrients. (2001). Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. National Academies Press (US). DOI: 10.17226/10026

Rasmussen HM, Johnson EJ. Nutrients for the aging eye. Clin Interv Aging. 2013;8:741-748. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S45399

Otterço, A. N., Brassolatti, P., Andrade, A., Avó, L., Bossini, P. S., & Parizotto, N. (2018). Effect of photobiomodulation (670 nm) associated with vitamin A on the inflammatory phase of wound healing. Lasers in medical science, 33(9), 1867–1874. DOI: 10.1007/s10103-018-2535-4

Saari, John. (2016). Vitamin A and Vision. 10.1007/978-94-024-0945-1_9. DOI: 10.1007/978-94-024-0945-1_9

Vitamin D3

Lips P. (2006). Vitamin D physiology. Progress in biophysics and molecular biology, 92(1), 4–8. DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2006.02.016

Sinha, Akash & Hollingsworth, Kieren & Ball, Steve & Cheetham, Tim. (2013). Improving the vitamin D status of vitamin D deficient adults is associated with improved mitochondrial oxidative function in skeletal muscle. Endocrine Abstracts. 1-1. DOI: 10.1530/endoabs.31.OC1.6

Roy S, Sherman A, Monari-Sparks MJ, Schweiker O, Hunter K. Correction of Low Vitamin D Improves Fatigue: Effect of Correction of Low Vitamin D in Fatigue Study (EViDiF Study). N Am J Med Sci. 2014;6(8):396-402. doi: 10.4103/1947-2714.139291

Nowak A, Boesch L, Andres E, et al. Effect of vitamin D3 on self-perceived fatigue: A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial [published correction appears in Medicine (Baltimore). 2017 Jan 20;96(3):e6038]. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016;95(52):e5353. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000005353

Ellis SD, Kelly ST, Shurlock JH, Hepburn ALN. The role of vitamin D testing and replacement in fibromyalgia: a systematic literature review. BMC Rheumatol. 2018;2:28. Published 2018 Oct 5. doi: 10.1186/s41927-018-0035-6

Rai, S. K., Gupta, T. P., Kashid, M., Shaki, O., Chakrabarty, B. K., & Upreti, V. (2020). Can self-perceived easy fatigability be a predictor of vitamin D deficiency in young Indian women?. Journal of family medicine and primary care, 9(2), 997–1002. DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_862_19

Ghai, B., Bansal, D., Kapil, G., Kanukula, R., Lavudiya, S., & Sachdeva, N. (2015). High Prevalence of Hypovitaminosis D in Indian Chronic Low Back Patients. Pain physician, 18(5), E853–E862. PMID: 26431139

Stratton-Loeffler, M. J., Lo, J. C., Hui, R. L., Coates, A., Minkoff, J. R., & Budayr, A. (2012). Treatment of vitamin D deficiency within a large integrated health care delivery system. Journal of managed care pharmacy : JMCP, 18(7), 497–505. DOI: 10.18553/jmcp.2012.18.7.497

Cuppari, L., & Garcia-Lopes, M. G. (2009). Hypovitaminosis D in chronic kidney disease patients: prevalence and treatment. Journal of renal nutrition : the official journal of the Council on Renal Nutrition of the National Kidney Foundation, 19(1), 38–43. DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2008.10.005

Havdahl A, Mitchell R, Paternoster L, Davey Smith G. Investigating causality in the association between vitamin D status and self-reported tiredness. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):2880. Published 2019 Feb 27. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-39359-z

Annweiler, C., & Beauchet, O. (2015). Questioning vitamin D status of elderly fallers and nonfallers: a meta-analysis to address a 'forgotten step'. Journal of internal medicine, 277(1), 16–44. DOI: 10.1111/joim.12250

Mesinovic, J., Mousa, A., Wilson, K., Scragg, R., Plebanski, M., de Courten, M., Scott, D., Naderpoor, N., & de Courten, B. (2019). Effect of 16-weeks vitamin D replacement on calcium-phosphate homeostasis in overweight and obese adults. The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology, 186, 169–175. DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.10.011

Bjelakovic, G., Gluud, L. L., Nikolova, D., Whitfield, K., Wetterslev, J., Simonetti, R. G., Bjelakovic, M., & Gluud, C. (2014). Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of mortality in adults. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, (1), CD007470. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007470.pub3

Jelsness-Jørgensen LP, Grøvle L, Julsrud Haugen A. Association between vitamin D and fatigue in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. 2020;10(2):e034935. Published 2020 Feb 6. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034935

Pennisi M, Malaguarnera G, Di Bartolo G, et al. Decrease in Serum Vitamin D Level of Older Patients with Fatigue. Nutrients. 2019;11(10):2531. Published 2019 Oct 20. doi: 10.3390/nu11102531

Annema W, Nowak A, von Eckardstein A, Saleh L. Evaluation of the new restandardized Abbott Architect 25-OH Vitamin D assay in vitamin D-insufficient and vitamin D-supplemented individuals. J Clin Lab Anal. 2018;32(4):e22328. doi: 10.1002/jcla.22328

Ahmadieh, H., & Arabi, A. (2011). Vitamins and bone health: beyond calcium and vitamin D. Nutrition reviews, 69(10), 584–598. DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2011.00372.x

Full-spectrum Vitamin K

Shearer, M. J., & Newman, P. (2008). Metabolism and cell biology of vitamin K. Thrombosis and haemostasis, 100(4), 530–547. PMID: 18841274

Gröber, U., Reichrath, J., Holick, M. F., & Kisters, K. (2015). Vitamin K: an old vitamin in a new perspective. Dermato-endocrinology, 6(1), e968490. DOI: 10.4161/19381972.2014.968490

Simes DC, Viegas CSB, Araújo N, Marreiros C. Vitamin K as a Diet Supplement with Impact in Human Health: Current Evidence in Age-Related Diseases. Nutrients. 2020;12(1):138. Published 2020 Jan 3. doi: 10.3390/nu12010138

Halder, M., Petsophonsakul, P., Akbulut, A. C., Pavlic, A., Bohan, F., Anderson, E., Maresz, K., Kramann, R., & Schurgers, L. (2019). Vitamin K: Double Bonds beyond Coagulation Insights into Differences between Vitamin K1 and K2 in Health and Disease. International journal of molecular sciences, 20(4), 896. DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040896

Lanham-New S. A. (2008). Importance of calcium, vitamin D and vitamin K for osteoporosis prevention and treatment. The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 67(2), 163–176. DOI: 10.1017/S0029665108007003

Tarento, T., McClure, D. D., Talbot, A. M., Regtop, H. L., Biffin, J. R., Valtchev, P., Dehghani, F., & Kavanagh, J. M. (2019). A potential biotechnological process for the sustainable production of vitamin K₁. Critical reviews in biotechnology, 39(1), 1–19. DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2018.1474168

Conly, J. M., & Stein, K. (1992). The production of menaquinones (vitamin K2) by intestinal bacteria and their role in maintaining coagulation homeostasis. Progress in food & nutrition science, 16(4), 307–343. PMID: 1492156

Hamidi, M. S., Gajic-Veljanoski, O., & Cheung, A. M. (2013). Vitamin K and bone health. Journal of clinical densitometry : the official journal of the International Society for Clinical Densitometry, 16(4), 409–413. DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2013.08.017

Beulens, J. W., Booth, S. L., van den Heuvel, E. G., Stoecklin, E., Baka, A., & Vermeer, C. (2013). The role of menaquinones (vitamin K₂) in human health. The British journal of nutrition, 110(8), 1357–1368. DOI: 10.1017/S0007114513001013

Van Ballegooijen AJ, Pilz S, Tomaschitz A, Grübler MR, Verheyen N. The Synergistic Interplay between Vitamins D and K for Bone and Cardiovascular Health: A Narrative Review. Int J Endocrinol. 2017;2017:7454376. doi: 10.1155/2017/7454376

Van Ballegooijen, A. J., & Beulens, J. W. (2017). The Role of Vitamin K Status in Cardiovascular Health: Evidence from Observational and Clinical Studies. Current nutrition reports, 6(3), 197–205. DOI: 10.1007/s13668-017-0208-8

Bolton-Smith, C., McMurdo, M. E., Paterson, C. R., Mole, P. A., Harvey, J. M., Fenton, S. T., Prynne, C. J., Mishra, G. D., & Shearer, M. J. (2007). Two-year randomized controlled trial of vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) and vitamin D3 plus calcium on the bone health of older women. Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research, 22(4), 509–519. DOI: 10.1359/jbmr.070116

Kidd P. M. (2010). Vitamins D and K as pleiotropic nutrients: clinical importance to the skeletal and cardiovascular systems and preliminary evidence for synergy. Alternative medicine review : a journal of clinical therapeutic, 15(3), 199–222. PMID: 21155624