Vitamin C (as L-Ascorbic Acid), Vitamin D3 (as Cholecalciferol; from Lichen), Zinc (as Zinc Picolinate), Selenium (as Selenium Chelate), Echinacea angustifolia (Root), Cold War Botanical Blend: American Ginseng Root Extract, Garlic Extract (Std. to 1% Allicin), Olive Leaf Extract, Oregano Leaf Powder, Andrographis paniculata Leaf Extract (Std. to 10% Polyphenols), Schisandra Extract (Shisandra chinensis; Fruit), Coptis Extract (Coptis chinensis; Rhizome), B. subtilis (2 Billion CFU†), Astragalus Extract (Astragalus membranaceus; Root), Feverfew Leaf Extract (Tanacetum parthenium, 4:1). Other Ingredients: Methylcellulose Capsule.

†At time of manufacture.

Take 3 capsules daily with 8 ounces of water or your favorite beverage. May be taken with or without food.

CAUTION: Do not exceed recommended dose. Please use caution if you have allergies or sensitivities to any of the listed ingredients. Pregnant or nursing mothers and individuals with a known medical condition should consult a physician before using this or any dietary supplement. Use only as directed. If gastrointestinal discomfort (including bloating, cramps, diarrhea, or other digestive upset) or other sensitivity is experienced stop taking the product immediately. If you are pregnant, nursing, or have a medical condition, please consult with your physician before use. If you have any questions about consuming this dietary supplement, consult with your health care professional before using. If you use prescription drugs or over-the-counter medications, are unaware of your current medical condition or have a pre-existing medical condition(s), consult with your health care professional before using. Discontinue use immediately if you experience any adverse symptoms or reactions while taking this product. Discontinue use 2 weeks prior to surgery. Do not use if your health status is unknown. Do not use if safety seal is damaged or missing. Keep out of reach of children and pets. Store in a cool, dry place, away from heat moisture. Use this product as a food supplement only. Do not use for weight reduction.

Echinacea Angustifolia

Percival S. S. (2000). Use of echinacea in medicine. Biochemical pharmacology, 60(2), 155–158. DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(99)00413-x

Manayi, A., Vazirian, M., & Saeidnia, S. (2015). Echinacea purpurea: Pharmacology, phytochemistry and analysis methods. Pharmacognosy reviews, 9(17), 63–72. DOI: 10.4103/0973-7847.156353

Lee, Tzu & Chen, Chung & Shieh, Zhao & Lin, Jun & Yu, Bi. (2009). Study on antioxidant activity of Echinacea purpurea L. extracts and its impact on cell viability. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY. 8. DOI: 10.4314/ajb.v8i19.65230

Erenler, Ramazan & Telci, Isa & Ulutas, Musa & Demirtas, Ibrahim & Gül, Fatih & Elmastaş, Mahfuz & Kayir, Omer. (2015). Chemical Constituents, Quantitative Analysis and Antioxidant Activities of Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench and Echinacea pallida (Nutt.) Nutt.. Journal of Food Biochemistry. DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12168

Thygesen L, Thulin J, Mortensen A, Skibsted LH, Molgaard P. Antioxidant activity of cichoric acid and alkamides from Echinacea purpurea, alone and in combination Food Chemistry. 2007 ;101(1):74-81. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.11.048

Melchart, D., Linde, K., Worku, F., Bauer, R., & Wagner, H. (1994). Immunomodulation with echinacea - a systematic review of controlled clinical trials. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology, 1(3), 245–254. DOI: 10.1016/s0944-7113(11)80072-3

Kim, H. R., Oh, S. K., Lim, W., Lee, H. K., Moon, B. I., & Seoh, J. Y. (2014). Immune enhancing effects of Echinacea purpurea root extract by reducing regulatory T cell number and function. Natural product communications, 9(4), 511–514. PMID: 24868871

Zhai, Z., Liu, Y., Wu, L., Senchina, D. S., Wurtele, E. S., Murphy, P. A., Kohut, M. L., & Cunnick, J. E. (2007). Enhancement of innate and adaptive immune functions by multiple Echinacea species. Journal of medicinal food, 10(3), 423–434. DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2006.257

Shah, S. A., Sander, S., White, C. M., Rinaldi, M., & Coleman, C. I. (2007). Evaluation of echinacea for the prevention and treatment of the common cold: a meta-analysis. The Lancet. Infectious diseases, 7(7), 473–480. DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(07)70160-3

Karsch-Völk, M., Barrett, B., Kiefer, D., Bauer, R., Ardjomand-Woelkart, K., & Linde, K. (2014). Echinacea for preventing and treating the common cold. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2(2), CD000530. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD000530.pub3

Christensen, K. B., Petersen, R. K., Petersen, S., Kristiansen, K., & Christensen, L. P. (2009). Activation of PPARgamma by metabolites from the flowers of purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea). Journal of natural products, 72(5), 933–937. DOI: 10.1021/np900003a

Haller, J., Hohmann, J., & Freund, T. F. (2010). The effect of Echinacea preparations in three laboratory tests of anxiety: comparison with chlordiazepoxide. Phytotherapy research : PTR, 24(11), 1605–1613. DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3181

Rondanelli, M., Riva, A., Morazzoni, P., Allegrini, P., Faliva, M. A., Naso, M., Miccono, A., Peroni, G., Degli Agosti, I., & Perna, S. (2017). The effect and safety of highly standardized Ginger (Zingiber officinale) and Echinacea (Echinacea angustifolia) extract supplementation on inflammation and chronic pain in NSAIDs poor responders. A pilot study in subjects with knee arthrosis. Natural product research, 31(11), 1309–1313. DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2016.1236097 

Yotsawimonwat, S., Rattanadechsakul, J., Rattanadechsakul, P., & Okonogi, S. (2010). Skin improvement and stability of Echinacea purpurea dermatological formulations. International journal of cosmetic science, 32(5), 340–346. DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2494.2009.00559.x 

American Ginseng

Seida JK, Durec T, Kuhle S. North American (Panax quinquefolius) and Asian Ginseng (Panax ginseng) Preparations for Prevention of the Common Cold in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2011;2011:282151. PMCID: PMC3136130

Predy GN, Goel V, Lovlin R, Donner A, Stitt L, Basu TK. Efficacy of an extract of North American ginseng containing poly-furanosyl-pyranosyl-saccharides for preventing upper respiratory tract infections: a randomized controlled trial. CMAJ. 2005;173(9):1043-1048. PMCID: PMC1266327

Vohra, S., Johnston, B. C., Laycock, K. L., Midodzi, W. K., Dhunnoo, I., Harris, E., & Baydala, L. (2008). Safety and tolerability of North American ginseng extract in the treatment of pediatric upper respiratory tract infection: a phase II randomized, controlled trial of 2 dosing schedules. Pediatrics, 122(2), e402–e410. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2007-2186

McElhaney, J. E., Goel, V., Toane, B., Hooten, J., & Shan, J. J. (2006). Efficacy of COLD-fX in the prevention of respiratory symptoms in community-dwelling adults: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo controlled trial. Journal of alternative and complementary medicine (New York, N.Y.), 12(2), 153–157. DOI: 10.1089/acm.2006.12.153

Nahas, R., & Balla, A. (2011). Complementary and alternative medicine for prevention and treatment of the common cold. Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien, 57(1), 31–36. PMCID: PMC3024156

Choi, J., Kim, T. H., Choi, T. Y., & Lee, M. S. (2013). Ginseng for health care: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials in Korean literature. PloS one, 8(4), e59978. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059978

McElhaney, J. E., Gravenstein, S., Cole, S. K., Davidson, E., O'neill, D., Petitjean, S., Rumble, B., & Shan, J. J. (2004). A placebo-controlled trial of a proprietary extract of North American ginseng (CVT-E002) to prevent acute respiratory illness in institutionalized older adults. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 52(1), 13–19. DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2004.52004.x 

Nguyen A, Slavik V. COLD-fX. Can Fam Physician. 2007;53(3):481-482. PMID: 17872685

Vitamin C

Chambial S, Dwivedi S, Shukla KK, John PJ, Sharma P. Vitamin C in disease prevention and cure: an overview. Indian J Clin Biochem. 2013;28(4):314‐328.  doi: 10.1007/s12291-013-0375-3

Traber MG, Stevens JF. Vitamins C and E: beneficial effects from a mechanistic perspective. Free Radic Biol Med. 2011;51(5):1000‐1013. DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.05.017

Padayatty, S. J., Katz, A., Wang, Y., Eck, P., Kwon, O., Lee, J. H., Chen, S., Corpe, C., Dutta, A., Dutta, S. K., & Levine, M. (2003). Vitamin C as an antioxidant: evaluation of its role in disease prevention. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 22(1), 18–35. DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2003.10719272

Pehlivan, Fadime. (2017). Vitamin C: An Antioxidant Agent. 10.5772/intechopen.69660. DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.69660

A. Bendich, L.J. Machlin, O. Scandurra, G.W. Burton, D.D.M. Wayner, The antioxidant role of vitamin C, Advances in Free Radical Biology & Medicine, Volume 2, Issue 2, 1986, 419-444, 8755-9668.

Marc Bürzle, Matthias A. Hediger. Chapter Eleven: Functional and Physiological Role of Vitamin C Transporters. Mark O. Bevensee. Current Topics in Membranes. Academic Press. 70. 2012. 357-375. 1063-5823. 9780123943163. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-394316-3.00011-9

Akbari, Abolfazl & Jelodar, Gholamali & Nazifi, Saeed & Sajedianfard, Javad. (2016). An Overview of The characteristics and Function of Vitamin C in Various Tissues: Relying on its Antioxidant Function. Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences. In Press. DOI: 10.17795/zjrms-4037

Chakraborthy, Aratirika & Ramani, Pratibha & Sherlin, Herald & Premkumar, Priya & Natesan, Anuja. (2014). Antioxidant and pro-oxidant activity of Vitamin C in oral environment. Indian journal of dental research : official publication of Indian Society for Dental Research. 25. 499-504. DOI: 10.4103/0970-9290.142547

Sirmali, Rana & Giniş, Zeynep & Sirmali, Mehmet & Solak, Okan & Şeliman, Bengü & Ağaçkiran, Yetkin & Delibaş, Namık. (2014). Vitamin C as an antioxidant: evaluation of its role on pulmonary contusion experimental model. Turkish journal of medical sciences. 44. 905-13. DOI: 10.3906/sag-1309-139

Schisandra

Szopa A, Ekiert R, Ekiert H. Current knowledge of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. (Chinese magnolia vine) as a medicinal plant species: a review on the bioactive components, pharmacological properties, analytical and biotechnological studies. Phytochem Rev. 2017;16(2):195-218. doi: 10.1007/s11101-016-9470-4

Nowak A, Zakłos-Szyda M, Błasiak J, Nowak A, Zhang Z, Zhang B. Potential of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. in Human Health and Nutrition: A Review of Current Knowledge and Therapeutic Perspectives. Nutrients. 2019;11(2):333. Published 2019 Feb 4. DOI: 10.3390/nu11020333

Tsi, D., & Tan, A. (2008). Evaluation on the combined effect of Sesamin and Schisandra extract on blood fluidity. Bioinformation, 2(6), 249–252. doi: 10.6026/97320630002249

Panossian, A. G., Oganessian, A. S., Ambartsumian, M., Gabrielian, E. S., Wagner, H., & Wikman, G. (1999). Effects of heavy physical exercise and adaptogens on nitric oxide content in human saliva. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology, 6(1), 17–26. DOI: 10.1016/S0944-7113(99)80030-0

Feverfew

Pareek A, Suthar M, Rathore GS, Bansal V. Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium L.): A systematic review. Pharmacogn Rev. 2011;5(9):103-110. DOI: 10.4103/0973-7847.79105

Ernst, E., & Pittler, M. H. (2000). The efficacy and safety of feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium L.): an update of a systematic review. Public health nutrition, 3(4A), 509–514. DOI: 10.1017/s1368980000000598

Bethell C, Kemper KJ, Gombojav N, Koch TK. Complementary and conventional medicine use among youth with recurrent headaches. Pediatrics. 2013;132(5):e1173-e1183. doi: 10.1542/peds.2013-1816

Silberstein SD. Preventive treatment of headaches. Current Opinion in Neurology. 2005 Jun;18(3):289-292. DOI: 10.1097/01.wco.0000169747.67653.f3

Ferro, E. C., Biagini, A. P., da Silva, Í. E., Silva, M. L., & Silva, J. R. (2012). The combined effect of acupuncture and Tanacetum parthenium on quality of life in women with headache: randomised study. Acupuncture in medicine : journal of the British Medical Acupuncture Society, 30(4), 252–257. DOI: 10.1136/acupmed-2012-010195

Murch, S. J., Simmons, C. B., & Saxena, P. K. (1997). Melatonin in feverfew and other medicinal plants. Lancet (London, England), 350(9091), 1598–1599. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)64014-7

Sur, Runa & Martin, K & Liebel, F & Lyte, P & Shapiro, S & Southall, Michael. (2009). Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Parthenolide-Depleted Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium). Inflammopharmacology. 17. 42-9. DOI: 10.1007/s10787-008-8040-9

Williams, C. A., Harborne, J. B., Geiger, H., & Hoult, J. R. (1999). The flavonoids of Tanacetum parthenium and T. vulgare and their anti-inflammatory properties. Phytochemistry, 51(3), 417–423. DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9422(99)00021-7