Vitamin D (as Plant-Based Cholecalciferol from Wild-Harvested Lichen), Zinc (from Zinc L-Carnosine), L-Glutamine, Vegan N-Acetylglucosamine, Butyric Acid, Saccharomyces boulardii (2.3 Billion Viable Probiotic Cells), Deglycyrrhizinated Licorice (DGL) Extract (root) (Glycyrrhiza spp.), Bacillus coagulans (Spore-Based Probiotic) (1.2 Billion Viable Probiotic Cells), Cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmannii) Bark Powder, Maitake Mushroom (Grifola frondoa) Fruiting Body (30% Polysaccharides) Extract, Concentrated Polyphenol Blend: Organic Wild Blueberry, Organic Strawberry, Organic Raspberry, Organic Tart Cherry Fruit, Organic Elderberry, Organic Cranberry, Quercetin Dihydrate, Slippery Elm (bark) (Ulmus rubra), Ginger Extract (Zingiber officinale), Grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) Seed Extract, Chamomile Flower, Marshmallow Extract (root) (Althaea officinalis), Berberine (from Berberine HCL), BioPerine® Black Pepper Fruit Extract (Piper nigrum; std to 95% Piperine). Other Ingredients: Methylcellulose Capsule.

Adults take 2 capsules with 8 ounces of water or your favorite beverage. may be taken with or without food.

CAUTION: Do not exceed recommended dose. Pregnant, nursing mothers, children under 18 and individuals with a known medical condition should consult a physician before using this or any dietary supplement. Please use caution if you have allergies or sensitivities to any of the listed ingredients. Keep out of reach of children and pets. Do not use if safety seal is damaged or missing. Store in a cool dry place. Use this product as a food supplement only. Do not use for weight reduction.

Soil & Plant Based Prebiotic

Davani-Davari D, Negahdaripour M, Karimzadeh I, et al. Prebiotics: Definition, Types, Sources, Mechanisms, and Clinical Applications. Foods. 2019;8(3):92. Published 2019 Mar 9. doi:10.3390/foods8030092

Justin L Carlson, Jennifer M Erickson, Beate B Lloyd, Joanne L Slavin, Health Effects and Sources of Prebiotic Dietary Fiber, Current Developments in Nutrition, Volume 2, Issue 3, March 2018, nzy005, https://doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzy005

Glenn R. Gibson, Marcel B. Roberfroid, Dietary Modulation of the Human Colonic Microbiota: Introducing the Concept of Prebiotics, The Journal of Nutrition, Volume 125, Issue 6, June 1995, Pages 1401–1412, https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/125.6.1401

McBurney MI, Davis C, Fraser CM, et al. Establishing What Constitutes a Healthy Human Gut Microbiome: State of the Science, Regulatory Considerations, and Future Directions. J Nutr. 2019;149(11):1882‐1895. doi:10.1093/jn/nxz154

Yadav, S., Jha, R. Strategies to modulate the intestinal microbiota and their effects on nutrient utilization, performance, and health of poultry. J Animal Sci Biotechnol 10, 2 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-018-0310-9

Greta Jakobsdottir, Margareta Nyman, Frida Fåk,Designing future prebiotic fiber to target metabolic syndrome, Nutrition, Volume 30, Issue 5, 2014, Pages 497-502, ISSN 0899-9007, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2013.08.013.

La Fata G, Rastall RA, Lacroix C, et al. Recent Development of Prebiotic Research-Statement from an Expert Workshop. Nutrients. 2017;9(12):1376. Published 2017 Dec 20. doi:10.3390/nu9121376

Soil & Plant Based Probiotic

Foster, K., Schluter, J., Coyte, K. et al. The evolution of the host microbiome as an ecosystem on a leash. Nature 548, 43–51 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature23292

Cuentas, Ana & Deaton, John & Khan, Sonaina & Davidson, John & St Clair, Courtney. (2017). The Effect of Bacillus subtilis DE111 on the Daily Bowel Movement Profile for People with Occasional Gastrointestinal Irregularity. Journal of Probiotics & Health. 05. DOI: 10.4172/2329-8901.1000189

Elshaghabee Fouad M. F., Rokana Namita, Gulhane Rohini D., Sharma Chetan, Panwar Harsh, Bacillus As Potential Probiotics: Status, Concerns, and Future Perspectives, Frontiers in Microbiology. 2017; 8: 1490. DOI=10.3389/fmicb.2017.01490

Casula G, Cutting SM. Bacillus probiotics: spore germination in the gastrointestinal tract. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2002;68(5):2344‐2352. doi: 10.1128/AEM.68.5.2344-2352.2002

Bittner AC, Croffut RM, Stranahan MC, Yokelson TN. Prescript-assist probiotic-prebiotic treatment for irritable bowel syndrome: an open-label, partially controlled, 1-year extension of a previously published controlled clinical trial. Clinical Therapeutics. 2007 Jun;29(6):1153-1160. DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2007.06.010

Hun L. Bacillus coagulans significantly improved abdominal pain and bloating in patients with IBS. Postgraduate Medicine. 2009 Mar;121(2):119-124. DOI: 10.3810/pgm.2009.03.1984

L-Glutamine

Cruzat V, Macedo Rogero M, Noel Keane K, Curi R, Newsholme P. Glutamine: Metabolism and Immune Function, Supplementation and Clinical Translation. Nutrients. 2018;10(11):1564. Published 2018 Oct 23. doi: 10.3390/nu10111564

Michael Gleeson, Dosing and Efficacy of Glutamine Supplementation in Human Exercise and Sport Training, The Journal of Nutrition, Volume 138, Issue 10, October 2008, Pages 2045S–2049S, DOI: 10.1093/jn/138.10.2045S

Rao R, Samak G. Role of Glutamine in Protection of Intestinal Epithelial Tight Junctions. J Epithel Biol Pharmacol. 2012;5(Suppl 1-M7):47‐54. doi: 10.2174/1875044301205010047

Shah, A.M.; Wang, Z.; Ma, J. Glutamine Metabolism and Its Role in Immunity, a Comprehensive Review. Animals 2020, 10, 326. DOI: 10.3390/ani10020326

Kim H. Glutamine as an immunonutrient. Yonsei Med J. 2011;52(6):892‐897. doi: 10.3349/ymj.2011.52.6.892

Calder, P.C., Yaqoob, P. Glutamine and the immune system. Amino Acids 17, 227–241 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01366922

Wang, B., Wu, G., Zhou, Z. et al. Glutamine and intestinal barrier function. Amino Acids 47, 2143–2154 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-014-1773-4

Zinc

Maggini S, Pierre A, Calder PC. Immune Function and Micronutrient Requirements Change over the Life Course. Nutrients. 2018;10(10):1531. Published 2018 Oct 17. doi: 10.3390/nu10101531

Gombart AF, Pierre A, Maggini S. A Review of Micronutrients and the Immune System-Working in Harmony to Reduce the Risk of Infection. Nutrients. 2020;12(1):236. Published 2020 Jan 16. doi: 10.3390/nu12010236

Prasad AS. Zinc in human health: effect of zinc on immune cells. Mol Med. 2008;14(5-6):353‐357. doi: 10.2119/2008-00033.Prasad

Melissa L. Zastrow and Vincent L. Pecoraro. Designing Hydrolytic Zinc Metalloenzymes. Biochemistry 2014 53 (6), 957-978. February 7, 2014. DOI: 10.1021/bi4016617

Technical University of Munich (TUM). "Diet lacking in zinc is detrimental to human, animal health: Even moderate zinc deficiency is bad for digestion." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 9 June 2016.