Vitamin C (as Ascorbic Acid), Vitamin E (as D—Alpha Mixed Tocopherol), Biotin, Marine Collagen Peptides Type I & III, Collagen Production Support Blend: Organic Lemon Powder, Organic Amla Berry (Phyllanthus emblica), Organic Bamboo Silica, Organic Rose Hip Extract (Fruit), Organic Camu Camu (Myrciaria dubia; Fruit), Organic Tremella Mushroom, Hyaluronic Acid. Other Ingredients: Methylcellulose Capsule.

Amino acid profile (average milligrams per serving): Alanine 170 mg, Arginine 212 mg, Aspartic Acid 94 mg, Glutamic Acid 194 mg, Glycine 436 mg, Histidine 46 mg, Hydroxylysine 28 mg, Hydroxyproline 136 mg, Isoleucine 24 mg, Leucine 44 mg, Lysine 90 mg, Methionine 34 mg, Phenylalanine 42 mg, Proline 210 mg, Serine 120 mg, Threonine 74 mg, Tyrosine 10 mg, Valine 34 mg. Average milligrams per serving naturally occurring; absolute values may vary. Contains 8 of 9 essential amino acids. Not a significant source of protein. Collagen protein does not count toward the FDA recommended Percent Daily Value for protein because it lacks one essential amino acid: tryptophan.

Adults take 4 capsules daily with 8 ounces of water or your favorite beverage. May be taken with or without food.

CAUTION: Do not exceed recommended dose. Please use caution if you have allergies or sensitivities to any of the listed ingredients. Pregnant or nursing mothers and individuals with a known medical condition should consult a physician before using this or any dietary supplement. Use only as directed. Some people might experience slight intolerance to marine or bovine product. If gastrointestinal discomfort (including bloating, cramps, diarrhea, or other digestive upset) or other sensitivity is experienced stop taking the product immediately. Some people are allergic to bovine (beef) or fish. If you are pregnant, nursing, or have a medical condition, please consult with your physician before use. If you have any questions about consuming this dietary supplement, consult with your health care professional before using. If you use prescription drugs or over-the-counter medications, are unaware of your current medical condition or have a pre-existing medical condition(s), consult with your health care professional before using. Discontinue use immediately if you experience any adverse symptoms or reactions while taking this product. Discontinue use 2 weeks prior to surgery. Do not use if your health status is unknown. Do not use if safety seal is damaged or missing. Keep out of reach of children and pets. Store in a cool, dry place, away from heat moisture. Biotin can be received in adequate or extra amounts from food and regular diet only. Use this product as a food supplement only. Do not use for weight reduction.

Wild Caught Hydrolyzed Fish Collagen

Sanchez A, Blanco M, Correa B, Perez-Martin RI, Sotelo CG. Effect of Fish Collagen Hydrolysates on Type I Collagen mRNA Levels of Human Dermal Fibroblast Culture. Mar Drugs. 2018;16(5):144. Published 2018 Apr 26. doi: 10.3390/md16050144

König D, Oesser S, Scharla S, Zdzieblik D, Gollhofer A. Specific Collagen Peptides Improve Bone Mineral Density and Bone Markers in Postmenopausal Women-A Randomized Controlled Study. Nutrients. 2018;10(1):97. Published 2018 Jan 16. doi: 10.3390/nu10010097

Porfírio, Elisângela & Fanaro, Gustavo. (2016). Collagen supplementation as a complementary therapy for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis: a systematic review. Revista Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia. 19. 153-164. DOI: 10.1590/1809-9823.2016.14145

De Luca C, Mikhal'chik EV, Suprun MV, Papacharalambous M, Truhanov AI, Korkina LG. Skin Antiageing and Systemic Redox Effects of Supplementation with Marine Collagen Peptides and Plant-Derived Antioxidants: A Single-Blind Case-Control Clinical Study. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2016;2016:4389410. doi: 10.1155/2016/4389410

Glynis A. A Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study Evaluating the Efficacy of an Oral Supplement in Women with Self-perceived Thinning Hair. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2012;5(11):28‐34. PMCID: PMC3509882

Proksch, E., Schunck, M., Zague, V., Segger, D., Degwert, J., & Oesser, S. (2014). Oral intake of specific bioactive collagen peptides reduces skin wrinkles and increases dermal matrix synthesis. Skin pharmacology and physiology, 27(3), 113–119. DOI: 10.1159/000355523

Proksch, E., Segger, D., Degwert, J., Schunck, M., Zague, V., & Oesser, S. (2014). Oral supplementation of specific collagen peptides has beneficial effects on human skin physiology: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Skin pharmacology and physiology, 27(1), 47–55. DOI: 10.1159/000351376

Kumar, S., Sugihara, F., Suzuki, K., Inoue, N., & Venkateswarathirukumara, S. (2015). A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised, clinical study on the effectiveness of collagen peptide on osteoarthritis. Journal of the science of food and agriculture, 95(4), 702–707. DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6752

Bello, A. E., & Oesser, S. (2006). Collagen hydrolysate for the treatment of osteoarthritis and other joint disorders: a review of the literature. Current medical research and opinion, 22(11), 2221–2232. DOI: 10.1185/030079906X148373

Hexsel, D., Zague, V., Schunck, M., Siega, C., Camozzato, F. O., & Oesser, S. (2017). Oral supplementation with specific bioactive collagen peptides improves nail growth and reduces symptoms of brittle nails. Journal of cosmetic dermatology, 16(4), 520–526. DOI: 10.1111/jocd.12393

Biotin

Glynis A. A Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study Evaluating the Efficacy of an Oral Supplement in Women with Self-perceived Thinning Hair. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2012;5(11):28-34. PMID: 23198010

Janos Zempleni, Yousef I Hassan & Subhashinee SK Wijeratne (2008) Biotin and biotinidase deficiency, Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism, 3:6, 715-724, DOI: 10.1586/17446651.3.6.715

Patel DP, Swink SM, Castelo-Soccio L. A Review of the Use of Biotin for Hair Loss. Skin Appendage Disord. 2017;3(3):166‐169. doi: 10.1159/000462981

Patel DP, Swink SM, Castelo-Soccio L. A Review of the Use of Biotin for Hair Loss. Skin Appendage Disord. 2017;3(3):166‐169. doi: 10.1159/000462981

S. Daniells and G. Hardy, “Hair loss in long-term or home parenteral nutrition: are micronutrient deficiencies to blame?” Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care, vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 690–697, November 2010. doi: 10.1097/MCO.0b013e32833ece02

Zempleni J, Hassan YI, Wijeratne SS. Biotin and biotinidase deficiency. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab. 2008;3(6):715‐724. doi: 10.1586/17446651.3.6.715

2008;3(6):715‐724. doi: 10.1586/17446651.3.6.715

Sparavigna A, Tenconi B, La Penna L. Efficacy and tolerability of a biomineral formulation for treatment of onychoschizia: a randomized trial. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2019;12:355‐362. Published 2019 May 13. doi: 10.2147/CCID.S187305

Lipner, S. R., & Scher, R. K. (2018). Biotin for the treatment of nail disease: what is the evidence?. The Journal of dermatological treatment, 29(4), 411–414. DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2017.1395799

Victor E. Colombo, Françoise Gerber, Max Bronhofer, George L. Floersheim. Treatment of brittle fingernails and onychoschizia with biotin: Scanning electron microscopy. Colombo, Victor E. et al. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, Volume 23, Issue 6, 1127 – 1132. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0190-9622(90)70345-I

Trüeb RM. Serum Biotin Levels in Women Complaining of Hair Loss. Int J Trichology. 2016;8(2):73-77. doi: 10.4103/0974-7753.188040

Floersheim G. L. (1989). Behandlung brüchiger Fingernägel mit Biotin [Treatment of brittle fingernails with biotin]. Zeitschrift fur Hautkrankheiten, 64(1), 41–48. PMID: 2648686

Hochman, L. G., Scher, R. K., & Meyerson, M. S. (1993). Brittle nails: response to daily biotin supplementation. Cutis, 51(4), 303–305. PMID: 8477615

Scheinfeld, N., Dahdah, M. J., & Scher, R. (2007). Vitamins and minerals: their role in nail health and disease. Journal of drugs in dermatology : JDD, 6(8), 782–787. PMID: 17763607

Vitamin C

Wu M, Cronin K, Crane JS. Biochemistry, Collagen Synthesis. [Updated 2020 Apr 6]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2020 Jan-. 

Boyera, N., Galey, I., & Bernard, B. A. (1998). Effect of vitamin C and its derivatives on collagen synthesis and cross-linking by normal human fibroblasts. International journal of cosmetic science, 20(3), 151–158. DOI: 10.1046/j.1467-2494.1998.171747.x

Lis, D. M., & Baar, K. (2019). Effects of Different Vitamin C-Enriched Collagen Derivatives on Collagen Synthesis. International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism, 29(5), 526–531. DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2018-0385

Kleszczewska E. (2007). Biologiczne znaczenie witaminy C ze szczególnym z uwzglednieniem jej znaczenia w metabolizmie skóry [Biological role and importance in the skin metabolism of vitamin C]. Polski merkuriusz lekarski : organ Polskiego Towarzystwa Lekarskiego, 23(138), 462–465. PMID: 18432133

DePhillipo NN, Aman ZS, Kennedy MI, Begley JP, Moatshe G, LaPrade RF. Efficacy of Vitamin C Supplementation on Collagen Synthesis and Oxidative Stress After Musculoskeletal Injuries: A Systematic Review. Orthop J Sports Med. 2018;6(10):2325967118804544. Published 2018 Oct 25. doi: 10.1177/2325967118804544

Moores J. (2013). Vitamin C: a wound healing perspective. British journal of community nursing, Suppl, S6–S11. DOI: 10.12968/bjcn.2013.18.sup12.s6

Collins N. (2004). Adding vitamin C to the wound management mix. Advances in skin & wound care, 17(3), 109–112. DOI: 10.1097/00129334-200404000-00010

Ronchetti, I. P., Quaglino, D., Jr, & Bergamini, G. (1996). Ascorbic acid and connective tissue. Sub-cellular biochemistry, 25, 249–264. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4613-0325-1_13

Vaxman, F., Olender, S., Lambert, A., Nisand, G., & Grenier, J. F. (1996). Can the wound healing process be improved by vitamin supplementation? Experimental study on humans. European surgical research. Europaische chirurgische Forschung. Recherches chirurgicales europeennes, 28(4), 306–314. DOI: 10.1159/000129471

Hallberg, L., Brune, M., & Rossander, L. (1989). The role of vitamin C in iron absorption. International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Supplement = Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. Supplement, 30, 103–108. PMID: 2507689

Lynch, S. R., & Cook, J. D. (1980). Interaction of vitamin C and iron. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 355, 32–44. DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1980.tb21325.x

Teucher, B., Olivares, M., & Cori, H. (2004). Enhancers of iron absorption: ascorbic acid and other organic acids. International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. Journal international de vitaminologie et de nutrition, 74(6), 403–419. DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831.74.6.403

Carr, A. C., & Maggini, S. (2017). Vitamin C and Immune Function. Nutrients, 9(11), 1211. DOI: 10.3390/nu9111211

Ströhle, A., & Hahn, A. (2009). Vitamin C und Immunfunktion [Vitamin C and immune function]. Medizinische Monatsschrift fur Pharmazeuten, 32(2), 49–56. PMID: 19263912

Vitamin E

Vardi M, Levy NS, Levy AP. Vitamin E in the prevention of cardiovascular disease: the importance of proper patient selection. J Lipid Res. 2013;54(9):2307‐2314. doi: 10.1194/jlr.R026641

Saremi, A., & Arora, R. (2010). Vitamin E and cardiovascular disease. American journal of therapeutics, 17(3), e56–e65. DOI: 10.1097/MJT.0b013e31819cdc9a

Lewis, E. D., Meydani, S. N., & Wu, D. (2019). Regulatory role of vitamin E in the immune system and inflammation. IUBMB life, 71(4), 487–494. DOI: 10.1002/iub.1976

Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Military Nutrition Research. Military Strategies for Sustainment of Nutrition and Immune Function in the Field. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 1999. 13, Vitamin E, Vitamin C, and Immune Response: Recent Advances. 

Moriguchi, S., & Muraga, M. (2000). Vitamin E and immunity. Vitamins and hormones, 59, 305–336. DOI: 10.1016/s0083-6729(00)59011-6

Lee GY, Han SN. The Role of Vitamin E in Immunity. Nutrients. 2018;10(11):1614. Published 2018 Nov 1. doi: 10.3390/nu10111614

Moriguchi, S., Hamada, M., Yamauchi, K., Sakai, K., & Yamamoto, S. (1998). The role of vitamin E in T-cell differentiation and the decrease of cellular immunity with aging. The journal of medical investigation : JMI, 45(1-4), 1–8. PMID: 9864960

Meydani, S. N., & Beharka, A. A. (2001). Vitamin E and immune response in the aged. Bibliotheca nutritio et dieta, (55), 148–158. DOI: 10.1159/000059469

Beharka, A., Redican, S., Leka, L., & Meydani, S. N. (1997). Vitamin E status and immune function. Methods in enzymology, 282, 247–263. DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(97)82112-x

Niki E. Evidence for beneficial effects of vitamin E. Korean J Intern Med. 2015;30(5):571‐579. doi: 10.3904/kjim.2015.30.5.571

Rizvi S, Raza ST, Ahmed F, Ahmad A, Abbas S, Mahdi F. The role of vitamin e in human health and some diseases. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J. 2014;14(2):e157‐e165. PMID: 24790736

Santos, S. A., Silva, E. T., Caris, A. V., Lira, F. S., Tufik, S., & Dos Santos, R. V. (2016). Vitamin E supplementation inhibits muscle damage and inflammation after moderate exercise in hypoxia. Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association, 29(4), 516–522. DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12361

Taghiyar M, Darvishi L, Askari G, et al. The effect of vitamin C and e supplementation on muscle damage and oxidative stress in female athletes: a clinical trial. Int J Prev Med. 2013;4(Suppl 1). PMID: 23717764

Hyaluronic Acid

Papakonstantinou E, Roth M, Karakiulakis G. Hyaluronic acid: A key molecule in skin aging. Dermatoendocrinol. 2012;4(3):253‐258. doi: 10.4161/derm.21923

Oe M, Sakai S, Yoshida H, et al. Oral hyaluronan relieves wrinkles: a double-blinded, placebo-controlled study over a 12-week period. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2017;10:267‐273. Published 2017 Jul 18. doi: 10.2147/CCID.S141845

Jegasothy SM, Zabolotniaia V, Bielfeldt S. Efficacy of a New Topical Nano-hyaluronic Acid in Humans. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2014;7(3):27‐29. PMID: 24688623

Gupta RC, Lall R, Srivastava A, Sinha A. Hyaluronic Acid: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Trajectory. Front Vet Sci. 2019;6:192. Published 2019 Jun 25. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00192

Kawada C, Yoshida T, Yoshida H, et al. Ingested hyaluronan moisturizes dry skin. Nutr J. 2014;13:70. Published 2014 Jul 11. doi: 10.1186/1475-2891-13-70

Bowman S, Awad ME, Hamrick MW, Hunter M, Fulzele S. Recent advances in hyaluronic acid based therapy for osteoarthritis. Clin Transl Med. 2018;7(1):6. Published 2018 Feb 16. doi: 10.1186/s40169-017-0180-3

Tashiro T, Seino S, Sato T, Matsuoka R, Masuda Y, Fukui N. Oral administration of polymer hyaluronic acid alleviates symptoms of knee osteoarthritis: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study over a 12-month period. ScientificWorldJournal. 2012;2012:167928. doi: 10.1100/2012/167928

Altman, R., Hackel, J., Niazi, F., Shaw, P., & Nicholls, M. (2018). Efficacy and safety of repeated courses of hyaluronic acid injections for knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review. Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism, 48(2), 168–175. DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2018.01.009

Concoff, A., Sancheti, P., Niazi, F., Shaw, P., & Rosen, J. (2017). The efficacy of multiple versus single hyaluronic acid injections: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC musculoskeletal disorders, 18(1), 542. DOI: 10.1186/s12891-017-1897-2

Altman, R. D., Bedi, A., Karlsson, J., Sancheti, P., & Schemitsch, E. (2016). Product Differences in Intra-articular Hyaluronic Acids for Osteoarthritis of the Knee. The American journal of sports medicine, 44(8), 2158–2165. DOI: 10.1177/0363546515609599

Witteveen, A. G., Hofstad, C. J., & Kerkhoffs, G. M. (2015). Hyaluronic acid and other conservative treatment options for osteoarthritis of the ankle. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, (10), CD010643. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD010643.pub2

Maheu, E., Rannou, F., & Reginster, J. Y. (2016). Efficacy and safety of hyaluronic acid in the management of osteoarthritis: Evidence from real-life setting trials and surveys. Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism, 45(4 Suppl), S28–S33. DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2015.11.008